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AJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Vol 272, Issue 4 673-L680, Copyright © 1997 by American Physiological Society
ARTICLES |
M. P. Merker, R. D. Bongard, J. H. Linehan, Y. Okamoto, D. Vyprachticky, B. M. Brantmeier, D. L. Roerig and C. A. Dawson
Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
The objective of this study was to further evaluate the hypothesis that the accumulation of thiazine dyes, such as methylene blue, by cultured bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells involves reduction on the cell surface, followed by diffusion of the lipophilic reduced form of the dye into the cells and intracellular reoxidation to the relatively membrane-impermeant hydrophilic form. The specific question addressed was whether inhibition of methylene blue uptake by cyanide and azide is via inhibition of extracellular reduction or inhibition of intracellular reoxidation. We used the cell membrane-impermeant ferricyanide ion as a secondary electron acceptor to measure the extracellular reduction of methylene blue independently from its uptake by the cells. In addition, toluidine blue O, incorporated into an acrylamide polymer so that it could not permeate the cells in either its reduced or oxidized forms, was used to examine the effects of cyanide and azide on the extracellular reduction. Microscopic observations of the effect of the inhibitors on the intracellular accumulation of methylene blue were also made. The results indicate that the reduction and intracellular sequestration are separate processes and that, in doses that inhibited intracellular reoxidation, and therefore uptake and sequestration, neither cyanide nor azide had an inhibitory effect on extracellular reduction. The intracellular distribution of the observable oxidized form of the dye was consistent with oxidation of the reduced dye within subcellular organelles. The demonstration that extracellular reduction and intracellular sequestration are separate events is consistent with the hypothesized sequence of events.
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 M. P. Merker, S. H. Audi, B. J. Lindemer, G. S. Krenz, and R. D. Bongard Role of mitochondrial electron transport complex I in coenzyme Q1 reduction by intact pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and the effect of hyperoxia Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): L809 - L819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. P. Merker, S. H. Audi, R. D. Bongard, B. J. Lindemer, and G. S. Krenz Influence of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells on quinone redox status: effect of hyperoxia-induced NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): L607 - L619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. M. May, Z.-c. Qu, and C. E. Cobb Reduction and uptake of methylene blue by human erythrocytes Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2004; 286(6): C1390 - C1398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. H. Audi, R. D. Bongard, C. A. Dawson, D. Siegel, D. L. Roerig, and M. P. Merker Duroquinone reduction during passage through the pulmonary circulation Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): L1116 - L1131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Zhu, C. Zhang, M. Medhora, and E. R. Jacobs CYP4A mRNA, protein, and product in rat lungs: novel localization in vascular endothelium J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2002; 93(1): 330 - 337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. H. Audi, R. D. Bongard, Y. Okamoto, M. P. Merker, D. L. Roerig, and C. A. Dawson Pulmonary reduction of an intravascular redox polymer Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, June 1, 2001; 280(6): L1290 - L1299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. P. Merker, B. R. Pitt, A. M. Choi, P. M. Hassoun, C. A. Dawson, and A. B. Fisher Lung redox homeostasis: emerging concepts Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 2000; 279(3): L413 - L417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. H. Audi, L. E. Olson, R. D. Bongard, D. L. Roerig, M. L. Schulte, and C. A. Dawson Toluidine blue O and methylene blue as endothelial redox probes in the intact lung Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2000; 278(1): H137 - H150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. P. Merker, L. E. Olson, R. D. Bongard, M. K. Patel, J. H. Linehan, and C. A. Dawson Ascorbate-mediated transplasma membrane electron transport in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 1998; 274(5): L685 - L693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. P. Merker, R. D. Bongard, N. J. Kettenhofen, Y. Okamoto, and C. A. Dawson Intracellular redox status affects transplasma membrane electron transport in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 2002; 282(1): L36 - L43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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