Studies were undertaken to define the effects of corticosteroids on stromal cell interleukin (IL)-11 production. Unstimulated A549 epithelial-like cells produced modest amounts of IL-11, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-1 was a potent, dose-dependent stimulator of A549 cell IL-11 elaboration. Dexamethasone inhibited the levels of basal and TGF-1-stimulated IL-11 elaboration in a dose-dependent fashion. In the setting of TGF-1 stimulation, dexamethasone caused a >90% decrease in IL-11 production at 10⁶ M, a 50% decrease in IL-11 production at ~1 × 10⁹ M, and significant inhibition at 10¹⁰ M. This dexamethasone-induced inhibition was reversed by the glucocorticoid-receptor antagonist RU-486. Dexamethasone also inhibited respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and TGF-1-stimulated IL-11 production by MRC-5 lung fibroblasts. In all cases, dexamethasone caused comparable changes in IL-11 mRNA accumulation. Nuclear run-on studies demonstrated that dexamethasone caused a modest (40%) decrease in TGF-1-stimulated IL-11 gene transcription. Actinomycin D pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that dexamethasone simultaneously destabilized IL-11 mRNA. Dexamethasone also inhibited TGF-1-stimulated IL-11 promoter-driven luciferase activity but did not diminish activator protein-1 binding to IL-11 promoter sequences. Glucocorticoids inhibit lung cell IL-11 production via a complex mechanism that involves the inhibition of IL-11 gene transcription and the destabilization of IL-11 mRNA.