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1 Developmental Biology Program
and Department of Surgery,
Complementary molecular and genetic approaches
are yielding information about gain- versus loss-of-function phenotypes
of specific genes and gene families in the embryonic, fetal, neonatal, and adult lungs. New insights are being derived from the conservation of function between genes regulating branching morphogenesis of the
respiratory organs in Drosophila and
in the mammalian lung. The function of specific morphogenetic genes in
the lung are now placed in context with pattern-forming functions in
other, better understood morphogenetic fields such as the limb bud.
Initiation of lung morphogenesis from the floor of the primitive
foregut requires coordinated transcriptional activation and repression involving hepatocyte nuclear factor-3
, Sonic hedgehog,
patched, Gli2, and Gli3 as well as Nkx2.1. Subsequent
inductive events require epithelial-mesenchymal interaction mediated by
specific fibroblast growth factor ligand-receptor signaling as well as modulation by other peptide growth factors including epidermal growth
factor, platelet-derived growth factor-A and transforming growth
factor-
and by extracellular matrix components. A scientific rationale for developing new therapeutic approaches to urgent questions
of human pulmonary health such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia is
beginning to emerge from work in this field.
sprouty; branchless; breathless; vascular endothelial growth factor; hepatocyte forkhead homologue; surfactant protein A; pulmonary neuroendocrine cells; Notch; laminin
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