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-induced
interleukin-8 gene expression in A549 cells
Divisions of 1 Critical Care Medicine, 2 Pulmonary Biology, and 3 Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
Interleukin (IL)-8 is
an important mediator of acute lung injury. Hyperoxia induces IL-8
production in some cell types, but its effect on IL-8 gene expression
in respiratory epithelium is not well described. In addition, IL-8 gene
expression resulting from the combined effects of hyperoxia and
proinflammatory cytokines has not been well characterized. We treated
cultured respiratory epithelial-like cells (A549 cells) with hyperoxia
alone, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-
alone, or the combination of
TNF-
and hyperoxia and evaluated IL-8 gene expression. Hyperoxia
alone had a minimal effect on IL-8 gene expression, and TNF-
alone increased IL-8 gene expression in a time-dependent manner. In contrast,
the combination of TNF-
and hyperoxia synergistically increased IL-8
gene expression as measured by ELISA (TNF-
alone for 24 h = 769 ± 89 pg/ml vs. hyperoxia + TNF-
for 24 h = 1,189 ± 89 pg/ml) and
Northern blot analyses. Experiments involving IL-8 promoter-reporter
assays, electromobility shift assays, and Western blot analyses
demonstrated that hyperoxia augmented TNF-
-mediated activation of
the IL-8 promoter by a nuclear factor (NF)-
B-dependent mechanism and
increased the duration of NF-
B nuclear translocation after
concomitant treatment with TNF-
. Additional reporter gene assays
demonstrated, however, that increased activation of NF-
B does not
fully account for the synergistic effect of hyperoxia and that the
NF-IL-6 site in the IL-8 promoter is also required for the synergistic
effect of hyperoxia. We conclude that hyperoxia alone has a minimal
effect on IL-8 gene expression but synergistically increases IL-8 gene
expression in the presence of TNF-
by a mechanism involving
cooperative interaction between the transcription factors NF-
B and
NF-IL-6.
respiratory epithelium; inflammation; chemokines; tumor necrosis
factor-
; nuclear factor-
B; nuclear factor-interleukin-6
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