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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 278: L649-L657, 2000;
1040-0605/00 $5.00
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Vol. 278, Issue 4, L649-L657, April 2000

Transcriptional regulation and structural organization of the human cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene

Maureen Dolan-O'Keefe1, Virginia Chow2, Joan Monnier2, Gary A. Visner3, and Harry S. Nick1,2

Departments of 2 Neuroscience, 1 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610

Cytokines are established regulators of the arachidonic acid cascade in lung cells. The levels of various arachidonic metabolites distinguish the normal and pathogenic states of the human lung. Arachidonyl-selective cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is ubiquitously present in human lung and is most likely the rate-limiting step in eicosanoid generation. We therefore studied the regulation of this pivotal gene in human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells by proinflammatory cytokines. We demonstrate a dose- and time-dependent induction of human cPLA2 mRNA by interleukin-1beta , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and interferon-gamma as well as the abrogation of this induction by glucocorticoids. Nuclear runoff studies demonstrate that de novo transcription of the cPLA2 gene is required for cytokine induction. We have characterized the human cPLA2 gene, which is encoded by 18 exons and spans in excess of 137 kb. Deletion analysis of a 3.4-kb fragment of the human promoter identified two regions responsible for basal expression of the cPLA2 gene. Conversely, a CA-dinucleotide repeat in the proximal promoter appears to repress overall promoter activity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with cytokine-dependent expression of the cPLA2 gene should provide further insight into regulating the level of proinflammatory mediators in pulmonary diseases.

eicosanoids; gene regulation; gene structure


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