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1 Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6; and 2 Environmental Health Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OL2
Epidemiologic studies
have shown an association between the level of ambient particulate
matter < 10 µm (PM10) and cardiopulmonary mortality. We have shown that exposure of rabbits to PM10
stimulates the bone marrow. In this study, we determined whether human
alveolar macrophages (AMs) that phagocytose atmospheric
PM10 produce mediators capable of stimulating the bone
marrow. AMs incubated with PM10 for 24 h produced
tumor necrosis factor-
in a dose-dependent manner (86.8 ± 53.29 pg/ml with medium alone; 1,087.2 ± 257.3 pg/ml with 0.1 mg/ml of PM10; P < 0.02). Instillation of the
supernatants from AMs incubated with 0.1 mg/ml of PM10 into
the lungs of rabbits (n = 6) increased circulating
polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and band cell counts as well as
shortened the PMN transit time through the bone marrow (87.9 ± 3.3 h) compared with unstimulated human AMs (104.9 ± 2.4 h; P < 0.01; n = 5 rabbits). The
supernatants from rabbit AMs incubated with 0.1 mg/ml of
PM10 (n = 4 rabbits) caused a similar
shortening in the PMN transit time through the bone marrow (91.5 ± 1.6 h) compared with human AMs. We conclude that mediators
released from AMs after phagocytosis of PM10 induce a
systemic inflammatory response that includes stimulation of the bone marrow.
particulate matter less than 10 micrometers; air pollution; bone marrow; leukocytes; cytokines
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