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induces eotaxin gene transcription
in A549 airway epithelial cells through
NF-
B
1 Combined Program in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115; and 2 Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
Eotaxin is an asthma-related C-C
chemokine that is produced in response to interleukin-1
(IL-1
). We detected an increase in newly transcribed eotaxin
mRNA in IL-1
-stimulated airway epithelial cells. Transient
transfection assays using promoter-reporter constructs identified a
region as essential for IL-1
-induced increases in eotaxin
transcription. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that a nuclear
factor-
B (NF-
B) site located 46 bp upstream from the
transcriptional start site was both necessary and sufficient for
IL-1
induction of reporter construct activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that IL-1
-stimulated airway epithelial cells produced p50 and p65 protein that bound this site in a
sequence-specific manner. The functional importance of the NF-
B site
was demonstrated by coexpression experiments in which increasing doses
of p65 expression vector were directly associated with reporter
activity exclusively in constructs with an intact NF-
B site
(r2 = 0.97, P = 0.002).
Moreover, IL-1
-induced increases in eotaxin mRNA expression are
inhibited by inhibitors of NF-
B. Our findings implicate NF-
B and
its binding sequence in IL-1
-induced transcriptional activation of
the eotaxin gene.
cytokine; chemokine; eosinophil; asthma
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