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1 Division of Pulmonary Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039; and 2 TVW Telethon Institute For Child Health Research, Division of Clinical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6008, Australia
The inflammatory and lung maturational effects
of intra-amniotic exposure to endotoxin were assessed in fetal lambs.
Five hours to 25 days after intra-amniotic injection of endotoxin, preterm lambs were delivered at 119-125 days gestation.
Intra-amniotic endotoxin caused an inflammatory cell infiltration in
amnion/chorion at 5 h, which persisted for 25 days. At 5-15 h
after endotoxin, amnion/chorion cytokine mRNAs increased [12- to
26-fold for interleukin (IL)-1
, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA and 3-fold for
tumor necrosis factor-
mRNA]. At 1-2 days after endotoxin,
lung cytokine mRNAs increased 6- to 49-fold. Endotoxin caused modest
changes in peripheral white blood cell counts and no significant
cytokine mRNA responses in fetal liver, placenta, or jejunum. Lung
maturation, as characterized by increased lung volumes and alveolar
saturated phosphatidylcholine, occurred at 7 days and persisted for 25 days after endotoxin. We conclude that exposure to a single dose of
intra-amniotic endotoxin causes inflammation and increases in cytokine
mRNA in amnion/chorion and the fetal lung before lung maturation,
consistent with the hypothesis that proinflammatory cytokines signal
lung maturation.
surfactant; cytokine; respiratory distress syndrome; bronchopulmonary dysplasia
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