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1 Department of Animal Physiology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; and 2 Department of Physiology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272-0095
We tested the hypothesis
that labor-induced epinephrine release would stimulate alveolar fluid
clearance in preterm fetuses. Preterm fetuses were obtained by cesarean
section from timed-pregnant guinea pigs at 61-69 days
postconception. Fetal guinea pigs were euthanized and placed on
continuous positive airway pressure oxygenation, and an isosmolar 5%
albumin solution was instilled. Alveolar fluid clearance was measured
over 1 h. The fetal lung began to absorb fluid at 64-66 days
postconception, and at birth, alveolar fluid clearance quadrupled.
Baseline alveolar fluid clearance when present was sensitive to
propranolol inhibition and depended on 
-adrenergic stimulation.
Measurements of plasma epinephrine in fetal animals confirmed high
epinephrine levels in 66- to 69-day postconception fetuses.
Prenatal alveolar fluid clearance when present was highly amiloride
sensitive, suggesting that amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels
were critical. Oxytocin-induced labor initiated an amiloride- and
propranolol-sensitive net alveolar fluid clearance in 61-day-gestation animals. Moreover, oxytocin induced significant epinephrine release in
all fetuses. These results have clinical implications for infants delivered by cesarean section before the onset of labor. Use of pharmacological agents to induce labor may reduce the occurrence and
severity of perinatal respiratory distress.
alveolar epithelium; -adrenergic stimulation; infant respiratory
distress syndrome; prenatal development; epinephrine; sodium
transport
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