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1 Department of Experimental and Environmental Medicine and Biotechnology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20052 Monza; 3 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Milano, 20142 Milan; and 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
Pulmonary interstitial pressure was measured via
micropuncture in anesthetized rabbits in normoxia and after breathing
12% O2. In normoxia [arterial
PO2 = 88 ± 2 (SD) mmHg], pulmonary
arterial pressure and pulmonary interstitial pressure were 16 ± 8 and
9.6 ± 2 cmH2O, respectively. After 6 h of
hypoxia (arterial PO2 = 39 ± 16 mmHg), the corresponding values were 30 ± 8 and 3.5 ± 2.5 cmH2O (P < 0.05). Pulmonary interstitial
proteoglycan extractability, evaluated by hexuronate assay after 0.4 M
guanidinium hydrochloride extraction, was 12.3, 32.4, and 60.6 µg/g
wet tissue in normoxia and after 3 and 6 h of hypoxia,
respectively, indicating a weakening of the noncovalent bonds linking
proteoglycans to other extracellular matrix components. Gel
filtration chromatography showed an increased fragmentation of
chondroitin sulfate- and heparan sulfate-proteoglycans during hypoxic
exposure, accounting for a loss of extracellular matrix native
architecture and basement membrane structure. Gelatin zymography
demonstrated increased amounts of the proteolytically activated form of
gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase-9) after hypoxic exposure,
providing evidence that the activation of proteinases may play a role
in hypoxia-induced lung injury.
high-altitude pulmonary edema; micropuncture; microvascular permeability; proteoglycans; metalloproteinases
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