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1 Institute for Surgical Research and 2 Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, D-81366 Munich, Germany
The inducible nitric oxide (NO)
synthase gene in alveolar macrophages (AMs) is a stress response gene
that may contribute to tissue injury in the lung after respiration with
high O2 concentrations through extensive production of NO.
In this study, we investigated the influence of hyperoxia on the NO
pathway in rat AMs in vitro, its regulation by the transcription
factors nuclear factor (NF)-
B and activator protein (AP)-1, and the
role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). AMs were treated with
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or interferon (IFN)-
and incubated
under 21 or 85% O2. Stimulation with LPS and IFN-
led
to induction of the NO pathway that was further upregulated by
hyperoxia. The binding activity of NF-
B, in contrast to that of
AP-1, was activated on stimulation with LPS and IFN-
, and both were
further increased under hyperoxia. The antioxidants pyrrolidine
dithiocarbamate and N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited intracellular ROS production and the NO pathway under both
normoxic and hyperoxic conditions but had diverse effects on the
transcription factors. The results presented here indicate that
hyperoxia can upregulate the NO pathway in stimulated AMs through
increased production of intracellular ROS and activation of NF-
B and
AP-1.
activator protein-1; nuclear factor-
B; inducible nitric oxide
synthase; transcription factors; antioxidants; reactive oxygen species; oxygen toxicity
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