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1 Institute of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Italian National Research Council, 2 Institute of Human Physiology, and 4 Institute of Pneumology, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo; and 3 Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Elite
athletes show a high prevalence of symptoms and signs of asthma, but no
study has assessed the acute effects of endurance exercise on airway
cells in nonasthmatic athletes. We measured exhaled nitric oxide (NO)
and collected samples of induced sputum after 3% NaCl aerosol
administration for 20 min in nonasthmatic middle-aged amateur runners
after the Fourth Palermo International Marathon and 6-9 wk later
(habitual training period) at baseline. After the marathon, exhaled NO
(n = 9 subjects) was higher [27 ± 9 parts/billion (ppb)] than at baseline (12 ± 4 ppb;
P < 0.0005). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts
in induced sputum were much higher in runners (91.2 ± 3.6% of
total cells postmarathon and 78.7 ± 9.1% at baseline) than in
sedentary control subjects (9.9 ± 5.9%; P < 0.001). Expression of L-selectin and CD11b/CD18 in sputum PMNs was
lower after the race than at baseline and inversely related to the
amount of exhaled NO (r = 
0.66 and 0.69,
respectively; P < 0.05). Our data indicate that sputum
PMNs are increased in nonasthmatic runners both after a marathon and at
baseline and suggest that NO may modulate exercise-associated
inflammatory airway changes.
polymorphonuclear neutrophil; nitric oxide; adhesion molecules; elastase
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