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1 Jincheng Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China; 2 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5125; and 3 Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
Proteolytic degradation of
extracellular matrix is thought to play an important role in many lung
disorders. In the current study, human lung fibroblasts were cast into
type I collagen gels and floated in medium containing elastase, cytomix
(combination of tumor necrosis factor-
, interleukin-1
, and
interferon-
), or both. After 5 days, gel collagen content was
determined by measuring hydroxyproline. Elastase alone did not result
in collagen degradation, but in the presence of fibroblasts, elastase
reduced hydroxyproline content to 75.2% (P < 0.01),
whereas cytomix alone resulted in reduction of hydroxyproline content
to 93% (P < 0.05). The combination of elastase and
cytomix reduced hydroxyproline content to 5.2% (P < 0.01).
1-Proteinase inhibitor blocked this synergy.
Gelatin zymography and Western blot revealed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -9 were induced by cytomix and
activated in the presence of elastase. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 were also induced by cytomix but were
cleaved by elastase. We conclude that a synergistic interaction between
cytomix and elastase, mediated through cytokine induction of MMP
production and elastase-induced activation of latent MMPs and
degradation of TIMPs, can result in a dramatic augmentation of collagen
degradation. These findings support the notion that interaction among
inflammatory mediators secreted by mononuclear cells and neutrophils
can induce tissue cells to degrade extracellular matrix. Such a
mechanism may contribute to the protease-anti-protease imbalance in emphysema.
matrix metalloproteinases; collagen; fibroblasts; interleukin-1; tumor necrosis factor
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