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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 282: L109-L114, 2002;
1040-0605/02 $5.00
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Vol. 282, Issue 1, L109-L114, January 2002

Lung lining liquid modifies PM2.5 in favor of particle aggregation: a protective mechanism

Michaela Kendall1, Teresa D. Tetley2, Edward Wigzell1, Bernie Hutton3, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen1, and Paul Luckham1

1 Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London SW7 2BP; 2 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London SW3 6LY; and 3 Christopher Ingold Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University College London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom

The health effects of particle inhalation including urban air pollution and tobacco smoke comprise a significant public health concern worldwide, although the mechanisms by which inhaled particles cause premature deaths remain undetermined. In this study, we assessed the physicochemical interactions of fine airborne particles (PM2.5) and lung lining liquid using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photon spectroscopy. We provide experimental evidence to show that lung lining liquid modifies the chemistry and attractive forces at the surface of PM2.5, which leads to enhanced particle aggregation. We propose that this is an important protective mechanism that aids particle clearance in the lung.

fine particles; bronchoalveolar fluid; surface chemistry; interactions


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M. Kendall
Fine airborne urban particles (PM2.5) sequester lung surfactant and amino acids from human lung lavage
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, October 1, 2007; 293(4): L1053 - L1058.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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