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1 Department of Physiology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272-0095; 2 Cardiovascular Research Institute, and 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0130
Knowledge
about the conversion of the epithelium in the distal air spaces of the
lung from secretion to absorption is imperative to the understanding of
postnatal lung development; little such information is available in
rats. Distal air space fluid clearance was therefore measured in 21- to
22-day gestation rat fetuses and newborn (40 h) rats. Distal air space
fluid clearance was measured from the increase in
131I-albumin concentration in an isosmolar, physiological
solution instilled into the developing lungs. There was no net fluid
movement across the distal air space epithelium in the lungs of 21-day gestation fetuses. Twenty-four hours later, distal air space fluid was
cleared at a rapid rate in the 22-day gestation fetuses. Within the
first 40 h after birth, the rate rapidly declined to adult levels.
The high distal air space fluid clearance at 22 days gestation and at
40 h after birth was mediated by 
-adrenergic receptors as
demonstrated by elevated plasma epinephrine levels and inhibition by
propranolol. Interestingly, the elevated distal air space fluid clearance in the 22-day gestation fetuses was only minimally amiloride sensitive; however, amiloride sensitivity increased over the first 40 h after birth. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that 1) rapid rates of net alveolar fluid clearance occur late in
gestation in the rat and 2) this clearance is driven by
elevations of endogenous epinephrine.
amiloride sensitivity; development; distal air space epithelium; epinephrine; Na+ transport; pulmonary edema; neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
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