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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 282: L766-L774, 2002; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00313.2001
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Vol. 282, Issue 4, L766-L774, April 2002

Morpho-functional analysis of lung tissue in mild interstitial edema

Elena Conforti1, Carla Fenoglio2, Graziella Bernocchi2, Ombretta Bruschi1, and Giuseppe A. Miserocchi1

1 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20052 Monza; and 2 Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy

Mild pulmonary interstitial edema was shown to cause fragmentation of interstitial matrix proteoglycans. We therefore studied compartmental fluid accumulation by light and electron microscopy on lungs of anesthetized rabbits fixed in situ by vascular perfusion after 0.5 ml · kg-1 · min-1 iv saline infusion for 180 min causing ~6% increase in lung weight. Morphometry showed that a relevant portion (44%) of extravascular fluid is detected early in the alveolar septa, 85% of this fluid accumulating in the thick portion of the air-blood barrier. The arithmetic mean thickness of the barrier increased in interstitial edema from 1.06 ± 0.05 (SE) to 1.33 ± 0.06 µm. The harmonic mean thickness increased from 0.6 ± 0.03 to 0.86 ± 0.07 µm, mostly due to thickening of the thin portion causing an increase in gas diffusion resistance. Despite some structural damage, the air-blood barrier displays a relatively high structural resistance providing a safety factor against the development of severe edema. It is suggested that the increase in extra-alveolar perivascular space occurs as a consequence of fluid accumulation in the air-blood barrier.

thin and thick portions of the air-blood barrier; extracellular matrix; fibrillar collagen; basement membranes; gas diffusion; fluid accumulation; proteoglycans; top and bottom lung regions


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