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1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital del Mar-Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; 2 Critical Care and Respiratory Divisions, Royal Victoria Hospital and Meakins-Christie Laboratories; and 3 Respiratory Medicine Department, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
Heme oxygenases (HOs), essential
enzymes for heme metabolism, play an important role in the defense
against oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the expression
and functional significance of HO-1 and HO-2 in the ventilatory muscles
of normal rats and rats injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide
(LPS). Both HO-1 and HO-2 proteins were detected inside ventilatory and
limb muscle fibers of normal rats. Diaphragmatic HO-1 and HO-2
expressions rose significantly within 1 and 12 h of LPS injection,
respectively. Inhibition of the activity of inducible nitric oxide
synthase (iNOS) in rats and absence of this isoform in
iNOS
/
mice did alter sepsis-induced regulation of
muscle HOs. Systemic inhibition of HO activity with chromium
mesoporphyrin IX enhanced muscle protein oxidation and hydroxynonenal
formation in both normal and septic rats. Moreover, in vitro
diaphragmatic force generation declined substantially in response to HO
inhibition both in normal and septic rats. We conclude that both HO-1
and HO-2 proteins play an important role in the regulation of muscle contractility and in the defense against sepsis-induced oxidative stress.
nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthase; diaphragm
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