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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 291: L191-L199, 2006. First published March 1, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00385.2005
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Hop functions downstream of Nkx2.1 and GATA6 to mediate HDAC-dependent negative regulation of pulmonary gene expression

Zhan Yin,1,* Linda Gonzales,2,* Venkatadri Kolla,2 Nibedita Rath,1 Yuzhen Zhang,1 Min Min Lu,1 Shioko Kimura,3 Philip L. Ballard,1,2 Michael F. Beers,1 Jonathan A. Epstein,1,4 and Edward E. Morrisey1,4

Departments of 1Medicine and 4Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania and 2Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and 3Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Submitted 8 September 2005 ; accepted in final form 21 February 2006

Hop is an unusual homeodomain protein that was first identified in the developing heart where it functions downstream of Nkx2.5 to modulate cardiac gene expression. Hop functions through interactions with histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 to mediate repression of cardiac-specific genes, and recent studies show that HDAC activity and HDAC2 expression are decreased in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we show that Hop is expressed in airway epithelium coincident with HDAC2, and expression is induced by the combination of dexamethasone and cAMP in parallel with induction of surfactant protein gene expression. Hop functions in the developing pulmonary airway, acting downstream of Nkx2.1 and GATA6, to negatively regulate surfactant protein expression. Loss of Hop expression in vivo results in defective type 2 pneumocyte development with increased surfactant production and disrupted alveolar formation. Thus Hop represents a novel regulator of pulmonary maturation that is induced by glucocorticoids to mediate functionally important HDAC-dependent negative feedback regulation.

homeodomain only protein; histone deacetylase



Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: E. E. Morrisey, Univ. of Pennsylvania, 956 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 (e-mail: emorrise{at}mail.med.upenn.edu)




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