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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Figure All Versions of this Article: 293/5/L1099    most recent 00217.2007v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (2) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Bland, R. D. Articles by Beasley, M. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Bland, R. D. Articles by Beasley, M. A.

Mechanical ventilation with 40% oxygen reduces pulmonary expression of genes that regulate lung development and impairs alveolar septation in newborn mice

Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

Submitted 1 June 2007 ; accepted in final form 7 August 2007

Mechanical ventilation with 40% oxygen reduces pulmonary expression of genes that regulate lung development and impairs alveolar septation in newborn mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 293: , 2007. First published August 17, 2007; — Mechanical ventilation (MV) with O₂-rich gas offers life-saving treatment for extremely premature infants with respiratory failure but often leads to neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD), characterized by defective formation of alveoli and blood vessels in the developing lung. We discovered that MV of 2- to 4-day-old mice with 40% O₂ for 8 h, compared with unventilated control pups, reduced lung expression of genes that regulate lung septation and angiogenesis (VEGF-A and its receptor, VEGF-R2; PDGF-A; and tenascin-C). MV with air for 8 h yielded similar results for PDGF-A and tenascin-C but did not alter lung mRNA expression of VEGF or VEGF-R2. MV of 4- to 6-day-old mice with 40% O₂ for 24 h reduced lung protein abundance of VEGF-A, VEGF-R2, PDGF-A, and tenascin-C and resulted in lung structural abnormalities consistent with evolving CLD. After MV with 40% O₂ for 24 h, lung volume was similar to unventilated controls, whereas distal air space size, assessed morphometrically, was greater in lungs of ventilated pups, indicative of impaired septation. Immunostaining for vimentin, which is expressed in myofibroblasts, was reduced in distal lung after 24 h of MV with 40% O₂. These molecular, cellular, and structural changes occurred without detectable lung inflammation as evaluated by histology and assays for proinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, and water content in lung. Thus lengthy MV of newborn mice with O₂-rich gas reduces lung expression of genes and proteins that are critical for normal lung growth and development. These changes yielded lung structural defects similar to those observed in evolving CLD.

bronchopulmonary dysplasia; neonatal chronic lung disease; lung growth and development; vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF receptor 2 (fetal liver kinase-1); platelet-derived growth factor; tenascin-C; pulmonary inflammation

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