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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 297/4/L578    most recent 90560.2008v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Hastings, R. H. Articles by Healy, E. PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hastings, R. H. Articles by Healy, E.

Cell cycle actions of parathyroid hormone-related protein in non-small cell lung carcinoma

Department of ¹Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; Department of ²Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, and ; Department of ³Medicine Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; and ; Department of ⁴Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of ⁵Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of ⁶John Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California

Submitted 10 November 2008 ; accepted in final form 17 July 2009

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a paraneoplastic protein expressed by two-thirds of human non-small cell lung cancers, has been reported to slow progression of lung carcinomas in mouse models and to lengthen survival of patients with lung cancer. This study investigated the effects of ectopic expression of PTHrP on proliferation and cell cycle progression of two human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines that are normally PTHrP negative. Stable transfection with PTHrP decreased H1944 cell DNA synthesis, measured by thymidine incorporation, bromodeoxyuridine uptake, and MTT proliferation assay. A substantial fraction of PTHrP-positive cells was arrested in or slowly progressing through G1. Cyclin D2 and cyclin A2 protein levels were 60–70% lower in PTHrP-expressing cells compared with control cells (P < 0.05, N = 3 independent clones per group), while expression of p27^Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was increased by 35 ± 9% (mean ± SE, P < 0.05) in the presence of PTHrP. Expression of other cyclins, including cyclins D1 and D3, and cyclin-dependent kinases was unaffected by PTHrP. PTHrP did not alter the phosphorylation state of Rb, but decreased cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2-cyclin A2 complex formation. Ectopic expression of PTHrP stimulated ERK phosphorylation. In MV522 cells, PTHrP had similar effects on DNA synthesis, cyclin A2 expression, pRb levels, CDK2-cyclin A2 association, and ERK activation. In summary, PTHrP appears to slow progression of lung cancer cells into S phase, possibly by decreasing activation of CDK2. Slower cancer cell proliferation could contribute to slower tumor progression and increased survival of patients with PTHrP-positive lung cancer.

cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins; extracellular signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases; G₁ phase