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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol (July 11, 2008). doi:10.1152/ajplung.00010.2008
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Submitted on January 5, 2008
Accepted on July 9, 2008

Animal Models of Acute Lung Injury

Gustavo Matute-Bello1*, Charles W. Frevert2, and Thomas R. Martin3

1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States; Medical Research Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, United States
2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States; Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: matuteb{at}u.washington.edu.

Acute lung injury in humans is characterized histopathologically by neutrophilic alveoli-tis, injury of the alveolar epithelium and endothelium, hyaline membrane formation, and microvascular thrombi. Different animal models of experimental lung injury have been used to investigate mechanisms of lung injury. Most are based on reproducing in animals known risk factors for ARDS, such as sepsis, lipid embolism secondary to bone fracture, acid aspiration, ischemiareperfusion of pulmonary or distal vascular beds, and other clinical risks. However, none of these models fully reproduces the features of human lung injury. The goal of this review is to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of existing models of lung injury. We review the specific features of human ARDS that should be modeled in experimental lung injury, then discuss specific characteristics of animal species that may affect the pulmonary host response to noxious stimuli. We emphasize those models of lung injury that are based on reproducing risk factors for human ARDS in animals, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each model and the extent to which each model reproduces human ARDS. The present review will help guide investigators in the design and interpretation of animal studies of acute lung injury.




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