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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol (July 18, 2008). doi:10.1152/ajplung.00041.2008
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Submitted on January 22, 2008
Accepted on July 13, 2008

Pulmonary applications and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles

Jeffrey W Card1*, Darryl C. Zeldin2, James C Bonner3, and Earle R Nestmann1

1 Cantox Health Sciences International, Mississauga, Canada
2 Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
3 Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jcard{at}cantox.com.

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, engineered nanoparticles have the potential to significantly impact respiratory research and medicine by means of improving imaging capability and drug delivery, among other applications. These same properties, however, present potential safety concerns, and there is accumulating evidence to suggest that nanoparticles may exert adverse effects on pulmonary structure and function. The respiratory system is susceptible to injury resulting from inhalation of gases, aerosols and particles, and also from systemic delivery of drugs, chemicals and other compounds to the lungs via direct cardiac output to the pulmonary arteries. As such, it is a prime target for the possible toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the potential usefulness of nanoparticles and nanotechnology in respiratory research and medicine and to highlight important issues and recent data pertaining to nanoparticle-related pulmonary toxicity.




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