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1 Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: masahiko.oka{at}uchsc.edu.
Recent evidence suggests that Rho/Rho-kinase signaling plays an important role in the sustained vasoconstriction induced by many agonists, and is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic vascular diseases. However, little is known about its role in increased vascular tone in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH). The purpose of this study was to examine whether Rho/Rho-kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization contributed to sustained vasoconstriction and increased vasoreactivity in hypoxic PH in rats. Acute intravenous administration of Y-27632, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, nearly normalized the high pulmonary artery blood pressure and total pulmonary resistance in chronically hypoxic rats. In contrast to nifedipine, Y-27632 also markedly decreased elevated basal vascular tone in both hypertensive blood-perfused lungs and isolated pulmonary arteries (PA). Y-27632 and another Rho-kinase inhibitor, HA-1077, completely reversed nitro-L-arginine-induced vasoconstriction in physiological salt solution (PSS)-perfused hypertensive lungs, whereas inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase (ML-9), protein kinase C (GF109203X), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (LY294002), and tyrosine kinase (Tyrphostin A23) caused only partial, or no, reversal of the vasoconstriction. Vasoconstrictor responses to KCl were augmented in both hypertensive PSS-perfused lungs and PA, and the augmentation was eliminated by Y-27632. These results suggest that Rho/Rho-kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization plays a central role in mediating sustained vasoconstriction and increased vasoreactivity in hypoxic PH.
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