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1 Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
2 Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Antilles
3 Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
4 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: khartsho{at}bu.edu.
The lung scavenger receptor rich protein, gp-340, is present in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and saliva and mediates specific adhesion to and aggregation of bacteria. It also binds to surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and -D). Prior studies demonstrated that SP-A and SP-D contribute to innate defense against influenza A virus (IAV). We now show that lung and salivary gp-340 inhibit the hemagglutination activity and infectivity of IAV, and agglutinate the virions, through a mechanism distinct from that of SP-D. As in the case of SP-A, the anti-viral effects of gp-340 are mediated by non-calcium-dependent interactions between the virus and sialic acid-bearing carbohydrates on gp-340. Gp-340 inhibits IAV strains that are resistant to SP-D. Concentrations of gp-340 present in saliva and BAL fluid of healthy donors are sufficient to bind to IAV and inhibit viral infectivity. Based on competition experiments using competing saccharide ligands, SP-D does not entirely mediate that anti-IAV activity of BAL fluid and contribute little to that of saliva. Furthermore, removel of gp-340 from BAL fluid and saliva significantly reduced anti-IAV activity. Hence, gp-340 contributes to defense against IAV and may be particularly relevant to defense against SP-D-resistant viral strains.
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