-adrenoceptor agonists reportedly decrease spontaneous apoptosis of peripheral blood eosinophils, however its signaling pathway is unknown. Survival signals can be elicited by the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, both of which are known to be potent regulators of apoptosis, and Akt in turn inactivates forkhead transcription factors, including FKHR. We have investigated the effect of -agonists on apoptosis of local eosinophils isolated from the airways and the involvement of PI3K, Akt, and FKHR in its survival signal. Eosinophils obtained from immunized mice by bronchoalveolar lavage after allergen provocation underwent apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Incubation of eosinophils with isoproterenol or formoterol dose-dependently inhibited both spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis and apoptosis induced by Fas receptor activation. Incubation with cAMP or forskolin also inhibited eosinophil apoptosis. The PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 and an Akt inhibitor 1L-6-hydroxymethyl- chiro-inositol 2-(R)-2-O-methyl-3-Ooctadecylcarbonate, but not a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059, blocked isoproterenol-mediated eosinophil survival. Wortmannin also inhibited cAMP-mediated eosinophil survival. Isoproterenol rapidly induced phosphorylation of Akt and FKHR in eosinophils in a PI3K-dependent manner. These findings indicate that the PI3K/Akt/FKHR pathway conveys a critical survival signal induced by -agonists in airway eosinophils.