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1 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: vijay.boggaram{at}uthct.edu.
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a C-X-C chemokine, is a potent chemoattractant and an activator for neutrophils, T cells and other immune cells. The airway and respiratory epithelia play important roles in the initiation and modulation of inflammatory responses via production of cytokines and surfactant. The association between elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-8 in acute lung injury associated with sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV) in infants and other inflammatory diseases suggested that NO may play important roles in the control of IL-8 gene expression in the lung. We investigated the role of NO in the control of IL-8 gene expression in H441 lung epithelial cells. We found that a variety of NO donors significantly induced IL-8 mRNA levels, and increase in IL-8 mRNA was associated with increase in IL-8 protein. NO induction of IL-8 mRNA was due to increases in IL-8 gene transcription and mRNA stability. NO induction of IL-8 mRNA levels was not inhibited by ODQ and KT5823, inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase and protein kinase G respectively, and 8-bromo-cGMP did not increase IL-8 mRNA levels. This indicated that NO induces IL-8 mRNA levels independently of changes in the intracellular cGMP levels. NO induction of IL-8 mRNA was significantly reduced by inhibitors of ERK kinase and protein kinase C. IL-8 induction by NO was also reduced by hydroxyl radical scavengers such as, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylthiourea (DMTU) indicating the involvement of hydroxyl radicals in the induction process. NO induction of IL-8 gene expression could be a significant contributing factor in the initiation and induction of inflammatory response in the respiratory epithelium.
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