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Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol (December 1, 2006). doi:10.1152/ajplung.00190.2006
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Submitted on May 31, 2006
Accepted on September 12, 2006

Expression and Activity of cAMP Phosphodiesterase Isoforms in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension: Role for PDE1

Fiona Murray1, Hemal H Patel1, Ryan Y.S. Suda1, Shen Zhang2, Patricia Thistlethwaite3, Jason X.-J. Yuan2, and Paul A Insel1*

1 Pharmacology, UCSD, San Diego, California, United States
2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, California, United States
3 Surgery, UCSD Outpatient Center, San Diego, California, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pinsel{at}ucsd.edu.

Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is associated with increased vascular resistance due to sustained contraction and enhanced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC); the abnormal tone and remodeling in the pulmonary vasculature may relate, at least in part, to decreased cyclic nucleotide levels. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), of which 11 families have been identified, catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP. We tested the hypothesis that PASMC isolated from patients with PHT, either idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) or secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH), have increased expression and activity of PDE isoforms that reduce the responsiveness of agents that raise cellular cAMP. Real-time PCR and immunoblotting demonstrated that the expression of PDE1A, PDE1C, PDE3B and PDE5A was enhanced in PASMC from both IPAH and SPH patients compared to control PASMC. Consistent with this enhanced expression of PDEs, agonist-stimulated cAMP levels were significantly reduced in IPAH- and SPH-PASMC unless a PDE inhibitor was present. The use of specific PDE inhibitors revealed that an increase in PDE1 and PDE3 activity largely accounted for reduced agonist-induced cAMP levels and increased proliferation in IPAH- and SPH-PASMC. Treatment with PDE1C-targeted siRNA enhanced cAMP accumulation and inhibited cellular proliferation to a greater extent in PHT PASMC than controls. The results imply that an increase in PDE isoforms, in particular PDE1C, contributes to decreased cAMP and increased proliferation of PASMC in patients with PHT. PDE1 isoforms may provide novel targets for the treatment of both primary and secondary forms of the disease.




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