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1 Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stuart.hooper{at}med.monash.edu.au.
Basal lung expansion is an important determinant of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) phenotype in the fetus. As basal lung expansion increases toward term and is reduced after birth, we hypothesized that these changes would be associated with altered proportions of AECs. AEC proportions were calculated using electron microscopy in fetal and postnatal sheep. Type I AECs increased from 4.8 ± 1.3% at 91d to 63.0 ± 3.6% at 111d of gestation, remained at this level until term and decreased to 44.8 ± 1.8% after birth. Type II AECs increased from 4.3 ± 1.5% at 111d to 29.6 ± 4.1% at 128d of gestation, remained at this level until term and then increased to 52.9 ± 1.5% after birth. Surfactant protein (SP) -A, -B and -C mRNA levels increased with increasing gestational age before birth, but the changes in SP expression after birth were inconsistent. Thus, before birth type-I AECs predominate whereas after birth type-II AECs predominate, possibly due to the reduction in basal lung expansion associated with the entry of air into the lungs.
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