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1 Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Clevland, OH, USA
2 School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
3 Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: geoff.maksym{at}dal.ca.
We tested that the hypothesis that cytoskeletal reorganization induced by cyclic strain increases cytoskeletal stiffness. Cytoskeletal stiffness (G') was measured by optical magnetic twisting cytometry in control cells and cells which had received mechanical strain for 10-12 days. G' was measured before and after both contractile and relaxant agonists, and in the strained cells both parallel (para) and perpendicular (perp) to the aligned cytoskeleton. Before activation, G' para was 24±5% (±SEM) greater compared to perp (p<0.05), and 35±6% greater compared to control (p<0.01). The difference between strained and control cells was enhanced by KCl increasing G' 171±7% para compared to 125±6% perp and 129±8% cont (p<10-5 both cases). The decrease in G' from baseline due to relaxant agonists isoproterenol and db-cAMP was similar in all groups. Long-term oscillatory loading of ASM cells caused stiffness to increase and become anisotropic. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cytoskeletal reorganization can enhance ASM stiffness and contractility. They imply, further, that oscillatory loading of ASM may contribute to airway narrowing and failure of airway dilation in asthma.
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