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1 Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: chend{at}mir.wustl.edu.
We measured neutrophil glucose uptake with positron emission tomographic imaging and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG-PET) in anesthetized dogs after iv oleic acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI) (OA group) (n=6) or after low-dose iv endotoxin (known to activate neutrophils without causing lung injury) followed by OA (Etx+OA group, n=7). Two other groups were studied as controls: one that received no intervention (n=5), and a group treated with Etx only (n=6). PET imaging was performed ~1.5 hr after initiating experimental interventions. The rate of 3H-deoxyglucose (3HDG) uptake was also measured in vitro in cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed after PET imaging. Circulating neutrophil counts fell significantly in animals treated with Etx but not in the other two groups. The rate of 18FDG uptake, measured by the influx constant Ki, was significantly elevated (p<0.05) in both Etxtreated groups (7.9±2.6x10-3 ml blood/ml lung/min in the Etx group, 9.3±4.8x10-3 ml blood/ml lung/min in the Etx+OA group), but not in the group treated only with OA (3.4±0.8x10-3 ml blood/ml lung/min) when compared with the normal control (1.6±0.4x10-3 ml blood/ml lung/min). 3HDG uptake was increased (73±7%) in BAL neutrophils recovered from the Etx+OA group (p<0.05) but not in the OA group. Ki and 3HDG uptake rates were linearly correlated (R2 = 0.65). We conclude that the rate of 18FDG uptake in the lungs during ALI reflects the state of neutrophil activation. 18FDG-PET imaging can detect pulmonary sequestration of activated neutrophils, despite the absence of alveolar neutrophilia. Thus, 18FDG-PET imaging may be a useful tool to study neutrophil kinetics during ALI.
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